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Layered alkali titanates (ATiO): possible uses for energy/environment issues

《能源前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 631-655 doi: 10.1007/s11708-021-0776-6

摘要： Uses of layered alkali titanates (A2TinO2n+1; Na2Ti3O7, K2Ti4O9, and Cs2Ti5O11) for energy and environmental issues are summarized. Layered alkali titanates of various structural types and compositions are regarded as a class of nanostructured materials based on titanium oxide frameworks. If compared with commonly known titanium dioxides (anatase and rutile), materials design based on layered alkali titanates is quite versatile due to the unique structure (nanosheet) and morphological characters (anisotropic particle shape). Recent development of various synthetic methods (solid-state reaction, flux method, and hydrothermal reaction) for controlling the particle shape and size of layered alkali titanates are discussed. The ion exchange ability of layered alkali titanate is used for the collection of metal ions from water as well as a way of their functionalization. These possible materials design made layered alkali titanates promising for energy (including catalysis, photocatalysts, and battery) and environmental (metal ion concentration from aqueous environments) applications.

关键词： layered alkali titanates     photocatalysis     hydrogen evdution     metal ions collection    

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Stability analysis of layered slopes in unsaturated soils

Guangyu DAI; Fei ZHANG; Yuke WANG

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第3期   页码 378-387 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0808-2

摘要： This study presents stability analyses of layered soil slopes in unsaturated conditions and uses a limit equilibrium method to determine the factor of safety involving suction stress of unsaturated soil. One-dimensional steady infiltration and evaporation conditions are considered in the stability analyses. An example of a two-layered slope in clay and silt is selected to verify the used method by comparing with the results of other methods. Parametric analyses are conducted to explore the influences of the matric suction on the stability of layered soil slopes. The obtained results show that larger suction stress provided in unsaturated clay dominates the stability of the layered slopes. Therefore, the location and thickness of the clay layer have significant influences on slope stability. As the water level decreases, the factor of safety reduces and then increases gradually in most cases. Infiltration/evaporation can obviously affect the stability of unsaturated layered slopes, but their influences depend on the soil property and thickness of the lower soil layer.

关键词： slope stability     suction stress     unsaturated soil     layered slope     limit equilibrium    

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Quantification of seepage in a multi-layered disconnected river-aquifer system

Jiang LI, Haizhu HU, Xiaomin MAO, Yi LIU

《农业科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2017年 第4卷 第2期   页码 237-245 doi: 10.15302/J-FASE-2017135

摘要： Quantification of seepage in disconnected river-aquifer systems is significant for local water management and groundwater pollution control, especially in areas with water shortage or contamination. The vadose zone under riverbeds usually exhibits a multi-layered structure, particularly when paved with low permeability liners. To evaluate the impact of engineering solutions to seepage under such conditions, we proposed an approach by combining GIS and the minimum flux in saturation layer (MFSL) method. MFSL can calculate the stable seepage rate by assessing the dominant low permeability layers (including but not limited to the liners) in multi-layered disconnected river-aquifer systems. We used MFSL to calculate local seepage rate, and used GIS to extend the results to a regional scale. The reliability of MFSL is discussed by comparing the results with the double ring infiltration test, the numerical simulation by HYDRUS, and the methods of stream package in MODFLOW, including its improved form. A case study was conducted in the Yongding River with river-aquifer seepage calculated under various conditions, including different river water levels (i.e., under the designated water level, drought stage level, flood stage level and flood inundation level) and with/without low permeability liners (i.e., ecological membranes or geomembrane). Results showed that low permeability liners could greatly reduce the seepage rate. However, if an unlined inundation area exists, the seepage rate may increase greatly. The results indicated that the proposed method was reliable and convenient for calculating long-term, large area seepage in disconnected river-aquifer systems especially those paved with liners.

关键词： infiltration     low permeability liner     multi-layered porous media     river-aquifer seepage    

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碱硅酸反应与碱碳酸盐反应

唐明述

《中国工程科学》 2000年 第2卷 第1期   页码 34-40

摘要：

碱集料反应（AAR）可分为两类，即碱硅酸反应（ASR）与碱碳酸盐反应（ACR）。二者的共同点是与碱发生的化学反应可导致混凝土中集料的体积增大，从而可能使混凝土甚至整个建筑物或构筑物发生膨胀开裂。文章着重从膨胀过程和机理以及岩石的结构特征探讨二者的特性与差异。ASR类型岩石具有碱活性的前提条件是较低的二氧化硅结晶完整度。只有隐晶质、微晶质、玻璃质或发生过应变的二氧化硅才会具有较高的化学活性，导致混凝土破坏。通过系统研究证实，对碱碳酸盐反应，虽然结晶的完整程度以及白云石（CaCO3·MgCO3）分子式中Ca/Mg比也将影响其与碱反应的速率，但起决定作用的是白云石晶体的尺寸及其在岩石中的分布状态和被基质包围的紧密程度。从微观结构得出的这些特征将有助于加深对碱集料反应膨胀机理的认识。文中还介绍了形成活性白云石的地质环境和碱硅酸反应与碱碳酸盐反应的区分方法。

关键词： 碱     集料     硅酸     碳酸盐     混凝土开裂     机理    

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The development of ultralightweight expanded perlite-based thermal insulation panel using alkali activator

Damla Nur ÇELİK; Gökhan DURMUŞ

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2022年 第16卷 第11期   页码 1486-1499 doi: 10.1007/s11709-022-0881-6

摘要： The International Energy Agency (IEA) states that global energy consumption will increase by 53% by 2030. Turkey has 70% of the world’s perlite reserves, and in order to reduce energy consumption a thermal insulation panel was developed in Turkey using different particle sizes of expanded perlite (EP). In this study, 0–1.18 mm (powder) and 0–3 mm (granular) EP particle sizes were selected, since they have the lowest thermal conductivity coefficients among all the particle sizes. In addition, an alkali activator solution was used as a binder in the mixtures. The alkaline activator solution was obtained by mixing sodium hydroxide solution (6, 8, 10, and 12 mol·L−1) and sodium silicate (Module 3) at the different ratios of Na2SiO3 to NaOH of 1, 1.5, 2, and 2.5. This study aimed to experimentally determine the optimum binder and distribution ratio of EP, with the lowest coefficient of thermal conductivity and the lowest density. The lowest thermal conductivity and the lowest density were determined as 0.04919 W·m−1·K−1 and 133.267 kg/m3, respectively, in the sample prepared with 83.33% powder-size EP, 6 mol·L−1 sodium hydroxide solution, and ratio of Na2SiO3 to NaOH of 1.5. The density, thermal conductivity, and compressive strength of the sample showed the same trends of behavior when the Na2SiO3 to NaOH ratio was increased. In addition, the highest compressive strength was measured in 12 mol·L−1 NaOH concentration regardless of particle size. In conclusion, the study predicts that the EP-based thermal insulation panel can be used as an insulation material in the construction industry according to the TS825 Thermal Insulation Standard.

关键词： expanded perlite     alkali activator     thermal insulation panel     thermal conductivity    

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Utilization of alkali-activated copper slag as binder in concrete

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第3期   页码 773-780 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0722-z

摘要： This study was focused on developing concrete using alkali-activated copper slag (AACS) as a binder. The properties of alkali-activated copper slag concrete (AACSC) were compared with portland cement concrete (PCC). Different AACSC mixes were prepared with varying Na2O dosage (6% and 8% of the binder by weight) and curing methods. Hydration products in AACSC were retrieved using Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR) and X-ray powder diffraction (XRD) techniques. The test results indicate that the workability of AACSC was lesser than that of PCC. The AACSC mix with 6% Na2O dosage has exhibited similar mechanical properties as that of PCC. The mechanical properties of AACSC were higher than PCC when 8% of Na2O dosage was used. Heat curing was effective to upgrade the strength properties of AACSC at an early age of curing, but at a later age mechanical properties of ambient cured and heat-cured AACSC were comparable. The hydration products of AACSC were not identified in XRD patterns, whereas, in FTIR spectra of AACSC some alkali-activated reaction products were reflected. The AACSC mixes were found to be more sustainable than PCC. It has been concluded that AACSC can be produced similarly to that of PCC and ambient curing is sufficient.

关键词： binder     concrete     mechanical properties     mineralogy     workability    

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Crack evolution of soft–hard composite layered rock-like specimens with two fissures under uniaxial compression

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第6期   页码 1372-1389 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0772-2

摘要： Acoustic emission and digital image correlation were used to study the spatiotemporal evolution characteristics of crack extension of soft and hard composite laminated rock masses (SHCLRM) containing double fissures under uniaxial compression. The effects of different rock combination methods and prefabricated fissures with different orientations on mechanical properties and crack coalescence patterns were analyzed. The characteristics of the acoustic emission source location distribution, and frequency changes of the crack evolution process were also investigated. The test results show that the damage mode of SHCLRM is related to the combination mode of rock layers and the orientation of fractures. Hard layers predominantly produce tensile cracks; soft layers produce shear cracks. The first crack always sprouts at the tip or middle of prefabricated fractures in hard layers. The acoustic emission signal of SHCLRM with double fractures has clear stage characteristics, and the state of crack development can be inferred from this signal to provide early warning for rock fracture instability. This study can provide a reference for the assessment of the fracture development status between adjacent roadways in SHCLRM in underground mines, as well as in roadway layout and support.

关键词： soft−hard composite layered rock mass     double cracks     crack evolution     acoustic emission     digital image correlation    

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Hierarchically porous cellulose nanofibril aerogel decorated with polypyrrole and nickel-cobalt layered

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第10期   页码 1593-1607 doi: 10.1007/s11705-023-2348-2

摘要： With increasing emphasis on green chemistry, biomass-based materials have attracted increased attention regarding the development of highly efficient functional materials. Herein, a new pore-rich cellulose nanofibril aerogel is utilized as a substrate to integrate highly conductive polypyrrole and active nanoflower-like nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide through in situ chemical polymerization and electrodeposition. This ternary composite can act as an effective self-supported electrode for the electrocatalytic oxidation of glucose. With the synergistic effect of three heterogeneous components, the electrode achieves outstanding glucose sensing performance, including a high sensitivity (851.4 µA·mmol−1·L·cm−2), a short response time (2.2 s), a wide linear range (two stages: 0.001−8.145 and 8.145−35.500 mmol·L−1), strong immunity to interference, outstanding intraelectrode and interelectrode reproducibility, a favorable toxicity resistance (Cl‒), and a good long-term stability (maintaining 86.0% of the original value after 30 d). These data are superior to those of some traditional glucose sensors using nonbiomass substrates. When determining the blood glucose level of a human serum, this electrode realizes a high recovery rate of 97.07%–98.89%, validating the potential for high-performance blood glucose sensing.

关键词： cellulose nanofibril     aerogel     nickel-cobalt layered double hydroxide     polypyrrole     nonenzymatic glucose sensor    

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Hydraulic fracturing pressure of concentric double-layered cylinder in cohesive soil

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第4期   页码 937-947 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0754-4

摘要： This study aims to investigate hydrofracturing in double-layered soil through theoretical and experimental analysis, as multilayered soils where the difference in mechanical properties exists are generally encountered in practical engineering. First, an analytical solution for fracturing pressure in two different concentric regions of soil was presented based on the cavity expansion theory. Then, several triaxial hydraulic fracturing tests were carried out to validate the analytical solution. The comparison between the experimental and analytical results indicates the remarkable accuracy of the derived formula, and the following conclusions were also obtained. First, there is a linear relationship between the fracturing pressure and confining pressure in concentric double-layered cohesive soil. Second, when the internal-layer soil is softer than the external-layer soil, the presence of internal soil on the fracturing pressure approximately brings the weakening effect, and the greater strength distinction between the two layers, the greater the weakening effect. Third, when the internal-layer soil is harder than the external-layer soil, the existence of the internal-layer soil has a strengthening effect on the fracturing pressure regardless of the proportion of internal-layer soil. Moreover, the influence of strength distinction between the two layers on the fracturing pressure is significant when the proportion of internal-layer soil is less than half, while it’s limited when the proportion is more than half. The proposed solution is potentially useful for geotechnical problems involving aspects of cohesive soil layering in a composite formation.

关键词： hydraulic fracturing pressure     layered     cavity expansion theory     triaxial fracturing test     cohesive soil    

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Size effects in two-dimensional layered materials modeled by couple stress elasticity

Wipavee WONGVIBOONSIN, Panos GOURGIOTIS, Chung Nguyen VAN, Suchart LIMKATANYU, Jaroon RUNGAMORNRAT

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2021年 第15卷 第2期   页码 425-443 doi: 10.1007/s11709-021-0707-y

摘要： In the present study, the effect of material microstructure on the mechanical response of a two-dimensional elastic layer perfectly bonded to a substrate is examined under surface loadings. In the current model, the substrate is treated as an elastic half plane as opposed to a rigid base, and this enables its applications in practical cases when the modulus of the layer (e.g., the coating material) and substrate (e.g., the coated surface) are comparable. The material microstructure is modeled using the generalized continuum theory of couple stress elasticity. The boundary value problems are formulated in terms of the displacement field and solved in an analytical manner via the Fourier transform and stiffness matrix method. The results demonstrate the capability of the present continuum theory to efficiently model the size-dependency of the response of the material when the external and internal length scales are comparable. Furthermore, the results indicated that the material mismatch and substrate stiffness play a crucial role in the predicted elastic field. Specifically, the study also addresses significant discrepancy of the response for the case of a layer resting on a rigid substrate.

关键词： cosserat     layered materials     size effects     microstructure    

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New pseudo-dynamic analysis of two-layered cohesive-friction soil slope and its numerical validation

Suman HAZARI, Sima GHOSH, Richi Prasad SHARMA

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第6期   页码 1492-1508 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0679-3

摘要： Natural slopes consist of non-homogeneous soil profiles with distinct characteristics from slopes made of homogeneous soil. In this study, the limit equilibrium modified pseudo-dynamic method is used to analyze the stability of two-layered soil slopes in which the failure surface is assumed to be a logarithmic spiral. The zero-stress boundary condition at the ground surface under the seismic loading condition is satisfied. New formulations derived from an analytical method are proposed for the predicting the seismic response in two-layered soil. A detailed parametric study was performed in which various parameters (seismic accelerations, damping, cohesion, and angle of internal friction) were varied. The results of the present method were compared with those in the available literature. The present analytical analysis was also verified against the finite element analysis results.

关键词： layered soil     limit equilibrium method     seismic analysis     damping     PLAXIS    

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Mechanical responses of multi-layered ground due to shallow tunneling with arbitrary ground surface load

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第5期   页码 745-762 doi: 10.1007/s11709-023-0935-4

摘要： An analytical model based on complex variable theory is proposed to investigate ground responses due to shallow tunneling in multi-layered ground with an arbitrary ground surface load. The ground layers are assumed to be linear-elastic with full-stick contact between them. To solve the proposed multi-boundary problem, a series of analytic functions is introduced to accurately express the stresses and displacements contributed by different boundaries. Based on the principle of linear-elastic superposition, the multi-boundary problem is converted into a superposition of multiple single-boundary problems. The conformal mappings of different boundaries are independent of each other, which allows the stress and displacement fields to be obtained by the sum of components from each boundary. The analytical results are validated based on numerical and in situ monitoring results. The present model is superior to the classical model for analyzing ground responses of shallow tunneling in multi-layered ground; thus, it can be used with assurance to estimate the ground movement and surface building safety of shallow tunnel constructions beneath surface buildings. Moreover, the solution for the ground stress distribution can be used to estimate the safety of a single-layer composite ground.

关键词： analytical model     mechanical response     multi-layered ground     shallow tunneling     ground surface load     complex variable solution    

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碱激发矿渣混凝土的水化特性及微观结构研究进展 Review

傅强,卜梦鑫, 张兆瑞, 许文瑞, 元强, 牛荻涛

《工程（英文）》 2023年 第20卷 第1期   页码 162-179 doi: 10.1016/j.eng.2021.07.026

摘要：

碱激发矿渣混凝土（alkali-activated slag concrete, AASC）是一种新型的绿色建材，与普通硅酸盐混凝土相比，

关键词： 碱激发矿渣混凝土     水化特性     孔结构     界面过渡区     微观结构    

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Anisotropy of multi-layered structure with sliding and bonded interlayer conditions

Lingyun YOU, Kezhen YAN, Jianhong MAN, Nengyuan LIU

《结构与土木工程前沿（英文）》 2020年 第14卷 第3期   页码 632-645 doi: 10.1007/s11709-020-0617-4

摘要： A better understanding of the mechanical behavior of the multi-layered structure under external loading is the most important item for the structural design and the risk assessment. The objective of this study are to propose and develop an analytical solution for the mechanical behaviors of multi-layered structure generated by axisymmetric loading, and to investigate the impact of anisotropic layers and interlayer conditions on the multi-layered structure. To reach these objectives, first, according to the governing equations, the analytical solution for a single layer was formulated by adopting the spatial Hankel transform. Then the global matrix technique is applied to achieve the analytical solution of multi-layered structure in Hankel domain. The sliding and bonded interlayer conditions were considered in this process. Finally, the numerical inversion of integral transform was used to solve the components of displacement and stress in real domain. Gauss-Legendre quadrature is a key scheme in the numerical inversion process. Moreover, following by the verification of the proposed analytical solution, one typical three-layered flexible pavement was applied as the computing carrier of numerical analysis for the multi-layered structure. The results have shown that the anisotropic layers and the interlayer conditions significantly affect the mechanical behaviors of the proposed structure.

关键词： multi-layered structure     Hankel transformation     anisotropic     transversely isotropic     interlayer condition     Gauss-Legendre quadrature    

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Synergistic effect of V and Fe in Ni/Fe/V ternary layered double hydroxides for efficient and durable

《化学科学与工程前沿（英文）》 2023年 第17卷 第1期   页码 102-115 doi: 10.1007/s11705-022-2179-6

摘要： High-performance and stable electrocatalysts are vital for the oxygen evolution reaction (OER). Herein, via a one-pot hydrothermal method, Ni/Fe/V ternary layered double hydroxides (NiFeV-LDH) derived from Ni foam are fabricated to work as highly active and durable electrocatalysts for OER. By changing the feeding ratio of Fe and V salts, the prepared ternary hydroxides were optimized. At an Fe:V ratio of 0.5:0.5, NiFeV-LDH exhibits outstanding OER activity superior to that of the binary hydroxides, requiring overpotentials of 269 and 274 mV at 50 mA·cm–2 in the linear sweep voltammetry and sampled current voltammetry measurements, respectively. Importantly, NiFeV-LDH shows extraordinary long-term stability (≥ 75 h) at an extremely high current density of 200 mA·cm–2. In contrast, the binary hydroxides present quick decay at 200 mA·cm–2 or even reduced current densities (150 and 100 mA·cm–2). The outstanding OER performance of NiFeV-LDH benefits from the synergistic effect of V and Fe while doping the third metal into bimetallic hydroxide layers: (a) Fe plays a crucial role as the active site; (b) electron-withdrawing V stabilizes the high valence state of Fe, thus accelerating the OER process; (c) V further offers great stabilization for the formed intermediate of FeOOH, thus achieving superior durability.

关键词： oxygen evolution reaction     electrocatalysts     ternary layered double hydroxides     long-term stability    

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标题 作者 时间 类型 操作

Layered alkali titanates (ATiO): possible uses for energy/environment issues

期刊论文

Stability analysis of layered slopes in unsaturated soils

Guangyu DAI; Fei ZHANG; Yuke WANG

期刊论文

Quantification of seepage in a multi-layered disconnected river-aquifer system

Jiang LI, Haizhu HU, Xiaomin MAO, Yi LIU

期刊论文

碱硅酸反应与碱碳酸盐反应

唐明述

期刊论文

The development of ultralightweight expanded perlite-based thermal insulation panel using alkali activator

Damla Nur ÇELİK; Gökhan DURMUŞ

期刊论文

Utilization of alkali-activated copper slag as binder in concrete

期刊论文

Crack evolution of soft–hard composite layered rock-like specimens with two fissures under uniaxial compression

期刊论文

Hierarchically porous cellulose nanofibril aerogel decorated with polypyrrole and nickel-cobalt layered

期刊论文

Hydraulic fracturing pressure of concentric double-layered cylinder in cohesive soil

期刊论文

Size effects in two-dimensional layered materials modeled by couple stress elasticity

Wipavee WONGVIBOONSIN, Panos GOURGIOTIS, Chung Nguyen VAN, Suchart LIMKATANYU, Jaroon RUNGAMORNRAT

期刊论文

New pseudo-dynamic analysis of two-layered cohesive-friction soil slope and its numerical validation

Suman HAZARI, Sima GHOSH, Richi Prasad SHARMA

期刊论文

Mechanical responses of multi-layered ground due to shallow tunneling with arbitrary ground surface load

期刊论文

碱激发矿渣混凝土的水化特性及微观结构研究进展

傅强,卜梦鑫, 张兆瑞, 许文瑞, 元强, 牛荻涛

期刊论文

Anisotropy of multi-layered structure with sliding and bonded interlayer conditions

Lingyun YOU, Kezhen YAN, Jianhong MAN, Nengyuan LIU

期刊论文

Synergistic effect of V and Fe in Ni/Fe/V ternary layered double hydroxides for efficient and durable

期刊论文